chapter 2 subjunctive

Chapter 2

Subjunctive

The words usually use in subjunctive

• “wish” mengharapkan / menginginkan

• “as if / as though” seolah-olah

• “would rather” lebih suka

• “if only” seandainya saja / jika saja

1.      Future subjunctive

Formula	Example
Subject(1) + wish + subject + verb1 + O/C	• I wish you come to the birthday party • I wish you read the book tomorrow

2.      Present subjunctive

words	formula	Example
Wish	Subject (1) + wish + subject + verb2 + O/C	• I wish you said the truth • I wish you visited me
As if / as though	Subject (1) + verb1 + as if / as though + subject + were + O/C	• The girl dresses as if it  were summer now
Would rather	Subject (1) + would rather + subject + verb2 + O/C	• Rosa would rather she told the truth
If only	If only + subject + verb2	• If only she saw • If only my father knew

3.      Past Subjunctive

words	formula	Example
Wish	Subject (1) + wished + subject + verb3/had + O/C	• She wished (that)* she had had more time today
As if / as though	Subject (1) + verb2 + as if / as though + subject + verb3/been + O/C	• Jon looked as though he had seen a ghost
Would rather	Subject (1) + would rather + subject + verb3/been + O/C	• She would rather he had been here
If only	If only + subject +had been + O/C	• if only rara had not been at school last week

*Verb followed by the subjunctive

To advise (that)

To ask (that)

To command (that)

To demand (that)

To desire (that)

To insist (that)

To propose  (that)

To recommend (that)

To request (that)

To suggest (that)

To urge (that)

chapter 1 conditional if

IF CLAUSE

3 Types of conditional sentences

Type	Condition
I	Condition possible to fulfill
II	Condition in theory possible to fulfill
III	Condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

1.     Form

Type	If-clause	Main Clause
I	Simple  Present	Will-future or (modal + infinitive)
II	Simple Past	Would + infinitive*
III	Past Perfect	Would + have + past participle*

*We can change could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible too)

Example :

·        I would pass the exam.

·        I could pass the exam.

·        I might pass the exam

·        I may pass the exam

·        I should pass the exam

·        I must past the exam

Example (If-clause at the beginning)

Type	If-clause	Main Clause
I	If  I drive my car by myself	I will arrive here on time
II	If  I drove my car by myself	I would arrive here on time
III	If  I had driven my car by myself	I would have arrived here on time

Example (If-clause at the end)

Type	Main Clause	If-Clause
I	I will arrive here on time	If  I drive my car by myself
II	I would arrive here on time	If  I drove my car by myself
III	I would have arrived here on time	If  I had driven my car by myself

Example (affirmative  and negative sentences)

Type	+	-
I	If  I drive my car by myself , I will arrive here on time	If  I drive my car by myself, I will not late here / If I do not drive my car by myself, I will late here
II	If  I drove my car by myself, I would arrive here on time	If I drove my car by myself, I would not late here / If I did not drive my car by myself, I would late here
III	I would have arrived here on time, If  I had driven my car by myself	If I had driven my car by myself, I would not have  late here / If I had not driven my car by myself, I would have late here